Everything on Precision: Numeric Formats in Modern ML and HPC

A walkthrough of numeric formats that matter today — FP32, TF32, FP16, BF16, FP8, INT8, INT4 — how they behave, when to use each, and where the pitfalls hide.

March 3, 2026 · 13 min · Sandeep Kumar

The VNNI layout, and why your AMX kernel is silently wrong

Notes from getting Intel AMX to do a matrix multiply: the VNNI memory layout, why skipping it gives silently wrong answers, and LIBXSMM’s dispatch model.

March 8, 2026 · 13 min · Sandeep Kumar